Health & Social Care

Falls are a major cause of Emergency Hospital Admissions for Older People, and lead to many moving from home into residential care. The highest risk of falls is in people aged 65 and over. Falls injuries can be particularly serious for older people, resulting in fractures and hospitalisation. Inpatient hospital admissions are a proportion of falls incidents, but more may present to Accident and Emergency and GPs, not all of which will lead to hospital admission. This indicator helps to measure falls prevention and joint working between the NHS, public health and social care. Directly Age-Standardised Rates (DASR) are shown in the data (where numbers are sufficient) so that rates can be directly compared between areas. The DASR calculation applies Age-specific rates to a Standard European population to cancel out possible effects on crude rates due to different age structures among populations, thus enabling direct comparisons of rates. This data uses primary diagnosis of injuries only. This may result in lower values in comparison to using all diagnoses. Data source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) indicator 2.24i (22401-C29). This data is updated annually. Note - for 2024/2025 data, only Persons data is provided compared to Persons, Male, Female as in previous years.

Live Births registered annually in Lincolnshire and Districts. The figures are shown as a Number and also as a Rate per 1000 women age 15-44 (inclusive), which is called the General Fertility Rate (GFR). This ONS data is shown by the mother's area of usual residence, so in some cases a live birth might occur in an area but not be included in its figures. Low values below 5 are suppressed, so some figures may be missing (particularly for smaller geographies), and thus not tally to the numbers shown for larger areas. This dataset is updated annually. Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

This data shows the percentage of adults (age 18 and over) who are current smokers. Smoking is the single biggest cause of preventable death and illnesses, and big inequalities exist between and within communities. Smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases, such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, bronchitis and emphysema) and heart disease. It is also associated with cancers in other organs. Smoking is a modifiable lifestyle risk factor. Preventing people from starting smoking is important in reducing the health harms and inequalities. This data is based on the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Annual Population Survey (APS). The percentage of adults is not age-standardised. In this dataset particularly at district level there may be inherent statistical uncertainty in some data values. Thus as with many other datasets, this data should be used together with other data and resources to obtain a fuller picture. Data source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID) Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) indicator 92443 (Number 15). This data is updated annually.

This data shows deaths (of people age 10 and over) from Suicide and Undetermined Injury, numbers and rates by gender, as 3-year moving-averages. Suicide is a significant cause of premature deaths occurring generally at younger ages than other common causes of premature mortality. It may also be seen as an indicator of underlying rates of mental ill-health. Directly Age-Standardised Rates (DASR) are shown in the data, where numbers are sufficient, so that death rates can be directly compared between areas. The DASR calculation applies Age-specific rates to a Standard (European) population to cancel out possible effects on crude rates due to different age structures among populations, thus enabling direct comparisons of rates. The figures in this dataset include deaths recorded as suicide (people age 10 and over) and undetermined injury (age 15 and over) as those are mostly likely also to have been caused by self-harm rather than unverifiable accident, neglect or abuse. The population denominators for rates are age 10 and over. Low numbers may result in zero values or missing data. Data source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) indicator 41001 (E10). This data is updated annually.

This data shows premature deaths (Age under 75) from Cardiovascular Disease, numbers and rates by gender, as 3-year moving-averages. Cardiovascular Disease include heart diseases and stroke, and others. Socio-economic and lifestyle factors are associated with circulatory disease deaths and inequalities in circulatory disease rates. Modifiable risk factors include smoking, excess weight, diet, and physical inactivity. Directly Age-Standardised Rates (DASR) are shown in the data, where numbers are sufficient, so that death rates can be directly compared between areas. The DASR calculation applies Age-specific rates to a Standard (European) population to cancel out possible effects on crude rates due to different age structures among populations, thus enabling direct comparisons of rates. A limitation on using mortalities as a proxy for prevalence of health conditions is that mortalities may give an incomplete view of health conditions in an area, as ill-health might not lead to premature death. Data source: NHS Digital (now part of NHS England) Compendium hub, dataset unique identifier P00395. This data is updated annually. Note: Compendium Mortality Consultation 2022 NHS Digital is currently analysing the results of the consultation that closed on 14 September 2022. In the meantime the next publication is on hold. 6 February 2023 10:55 AM

This data shows premature deaths (Age under 75) from Respiratory Disease, numbers and rates by gender, as 3-year range. Smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the major Respiratory diseases. COPD (which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema) results in many hospital admissions. Respiratory diseases can also be caused by environmental factors (such as pollution, or housing conditions) and influenza. Respiratory disease mortality rates show a socio-economic gradient. Directly Age-Standardised Rates (DASR) are shown in the data, where numbers are sufficient, so that death rates can be directly compared between areas. The DASR calculation applies Age-specific rates to a Standard (European) population to cancel out possible effects on crude rates due to different age structures among populations, thus enabling direct comparisons of rates. A limitation on using mortalities as a proxy for prevalence of health conditions is that mortalities may give an incomplete view of health conditions in an area, as ill-health might not lead to premature death. Data source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID) Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) indicator 4.07i. This data is updated annually.

This data shows premature deaths (Age under 75) from all Cancers, numbers and rates by gender, as 3-year moving-averages. Cancers are a major cause of premature deaths. Inequalities exist in cancer rates between the most deprived areas and the most affluent areas. Directly Age-Standardised Rates (DASR) are shown in the data (where numbers are sufficient) so that death rates can be directly compared between areas. The DASR calculation applies Age-specific rates to a Standard (European) population to cancel out possible effects on crude rates due to different age structures among populations, thus enabling direct comparisons of rates. A limitation on using mortalities as a proxy for prevalence of health conditions is that mortalities may give an incomplete view of health conditions in an area, as ill-health might not lead to premature death. Data source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), indicator ID 40501, E05a. This data is updated annually.

This data shows premature deaths (Age under 75) from Liver Disease, numbers and rates by gender, as 3-year moving-averages. Most liver disease is preventable and much is influenced by alcohol consumption and obesity prevalence, which are both amenable to public health interventions. Directly Age-Standardised Rates (DASR) are shown in the data (where numbers are sufficient) so that death rates can be directly compared between areas. The DASR calculation applies Age-specific rates to a Standard (European) population to cancel out possible effects on crude rates due to different age structures among populations, thus enabling direct comparisons of rates. A limitation on using mortalities as a proxy for prevalence of health conditions is that mortalities may give an incomplete view of health conditions in an area, as ill-health might not lead to premature death. Low numbers may result in zero values or missing data. Data source: Fingertips; https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/mortality-profile/data. The data is updated annually.

This data shows premature deaths (Age under 75), numbers and rates by gender, as 3-year moving-averages. All-Cause Mortality rates are a summary indicator of population health status. All-cause mortality is related to Life Expectancy, and both may be influenced by health inequalities. Directly Age-Standardised Rates (DASR) are shown in the data (where numbers are sufficient) so that death rates can be directly compared between areas. The DASR calculation applies Age-specific rates to a Standard (European) population to cancel out possible effects on crude rates due to different age structures among populations, thus enabling direct comparisons of rates. A limitation on using mortalities as a proxy for prevalence of health conditions is that mortalities may give an incomplete view of health conditions in an area, as ill-health might not lead to premature death. Data source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) indicator ID 108. This data is updated annually.

Life expectancy is a summary measure of the all-cause mortality rates in an area in a given period. It shows an estimate of the average number of years a newborn baby would survive if he or she experienced the age-specific mortality rates for that area and time period throughout his or her life. Figures reflect mortality among those living in an area in the given time period, not the life expectancy of newborn children. That is because both the mortality rates of the area are likely to change in the future, and because many of those born in the area will live elsewhere for at least some part of their lives. Life expectancy is a summary measure of a population's health. It may be influenced by premature mortalities and health inequalities. Data source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (ODHI), indicator 90366.